Compative Study on Nokia and Samsung

PROJECT REPORT ON COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN NOKIA AND SAMSUNG FOR YOUTH GENERATION Submitted By Sathya priya . V TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER| CONTENTS | PAGE. NO| 1| INTRODUCTION 1. 1. Overview of Industry as a whole 1. 2. Nokia- Profile of the Organization 1. 3 Samsung –Profile of the Organization | | 2 | 2. 1. Review of literature2. 2 . Significance2. 3. Managerial usefulness of the study2. 4. Comparative features of the study2. 5. Objectives2. 6. Scope of the Study2. 7. Limitation of the study| | 3. . 5. | REARCH METHODOLOGYDATA ANALYSIS FINDINGSANNEXUREAPPENDIX BIBLIOGRAPHY| | LIST OF TABLES S. NO| PARTICULARS| PAGE NO| 4. 1| Table showing Brands which are used by the respondents| | 4. 2| Table showing percentage of people who would like to buy a good brand mobile. | | 4. 3| Table showing brands which have the best battery backup. | | 4. 4| Table showing depicts the features that best suits brand. | | 4. 5| Table showing criteria on which Nokia is rated| | 4. 6| Table showin g criteria on which Sony Ericson is rated. | | 4. 7| Table showing criteria on which Micromax is rated. | 4. 8| Table showing criteria on which Black berry is rated. | | 4. 9| Table showing criteria on which Samsung is rated. | | 4. 10| Table showing Satisfaction level of service provided by Nokia service centre. | | 4. 11| Table showing depicts the features that best suits brand. | | 4. 12| Table showing the brands which have the better brand image. | | 4. 13| Table showing brands which have largest service network. | | 4. 14| Table showing satisfaction level of service provided by Samsung service center| | LIST OF CHART S. NO| PARTICULARS| PAGE NO| 4. | Chart showing brands which are used by the respondents| | 4. 2| Chart showing percentage of people who would like to buy a good brand mobile| | 4. 3| Chart showing shows brands which have the best battery backup. | | 4. 4| Chart showing the depicts the features that best suits brand. | | 4. 10| Chart showing Satisfaction level of s ervice provided by Nokia service centre. | | 4. 11| Chart showing depicts the features that best suits brand. | | 4. 12| Chart showing the brands which have the better brand image. | | 4. 13| Chart showing the brands which have the better brand image. | 4. 14| Chart showing satisfaction level of service provided by Samsung service center. | | CHAPTER-1- INTRODUCTION 1. 1OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRY AS A WHOLE In today's world, most people communicate through the use cellular phones. It's hard to believe that fifteen years ago cell phones were a rarity. Below is a history chronicling the dawn of the cell phone to its current state. 1843-Faraday exposed his great advances of nineteenth-century science and technology and his discoveries have had an incalculable effect on technical development toward cellular phone development. 1865 – Dr.Mahlon Loomis of Virginia, a dentist, may have been the first person to communicate through wireless via the atmosphere. Between 1866 and 1873 he transm itted telegraphic messages at a distance of 18 miles between the tops of Coshocton and Beorse Deer Mountains, Virginia. 1973 – Dr Martin Cooper is considered the inventor of the first portable handset. Dr. Cooper, former general manager for the systems division at Motorola, and the first person to make a call on a portable cellular phone. 1973 – Dr. Cooper set up a base station in New York with the first working prototype of a cellular telephone, the Motorola Dynastic.Mr. Cooper and Motorola took the phone technology to New York to show the public. 1977 – Cell phones go public. Public cell phone testing began. The city of Chicago was here the first trials began with 2000 customers and eventually other cell phone trials appeared in the Washington D. C. and Baltimore area. Japan began testing cellular phone service in 1979. 1988 – This year changed many of the technologies that had become typical in the past. The Cellular Technology Industry Association (CT IA) was developed to lay down practical goals for cellular phone providers.According to the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association, today there are more than 60 million customers with cellular phones, even though wireless service was just invented nearly 50 years ago. The cellular business was a $3 million market 25 years ago and has grown increasingly to close to a $30 billion per year industry 1. 2. NOKIA -PROFILE OF THE ORGANIZATION Nokia's history starts in 1865, Due to the European industrialization and the growing consumption of paper and cardboard Nokia soon became successful. Nokia’s Cable Work's Electronics department started to conduct research into semiconductor technology in the 1960? s.This was the beginning of Nokia’s journey into telecommunications. Nokia today is a world leader in mobile communications, driving the growth and sustainability of the broader mobility industry. Nokia connects people to each other and the information that matters t o them with easy-to-use and innovative products like mobile phones, devices and solutions for imaging, games, media and businesses. Nokia provides equipment, solutions and services for network operators and corporations. The company includes four business groups; Mobile Phones; Multimedia; Networks and Enterprise Solutions. In this project I will be focusing only on the mobile Phone usiness of Nokia in India. Nokia Corporation engages in the manufacture of mobile devices and mobile networks. It also provides equipment, solutions, and services for network operators, service providers, and corporations. The company operates in four segments: Mobile Phones, Multimedia, Enterprise Solutions, and Networks. The Mobile Phones segment offers mobile phones and devices based on GSM/EDGE, 3G/WCDMA, and CDMA cellular technologies. The Multimedia segment enables to create, access, and share multimedia in the form of advanced mobile multimedia computers and applications with connectivity over mul tiple technology standards.The Enterprise Solutions segment offers various products and solutions, including enterprise-grade mobile devices, underlying security infrastructure, software, and services for businesses and institutions. The Networks segment provides network infrastructure, communications, and networks service platforms, as well as professional services to operators and service providers. It focuses on the GSM family of radio technologies; networks with Internet Protocol and multi access capabilities; and professional services.The company also develops mobile WiMAX solutions. Nokia sells its products to operators, distributors, independent retailers, and corporate customers. It has its operations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, China, the Asia-Pacific, North America, and Latin America. The company was founded in 1865 and is based in Espoo, Finland. Vision: Life Goes Mobile * Ten years ago, Nokia had a vision that seemed revolutionary for the times: Voice Goes Mobile ! As history shows, this vision became reality in an incredibly short amount of time. With more than 1. billion mobile phone subscriptions globally – and more mobile phones than fixed-line phones in use – shows that mobility has transformed the way people live their lives Business Mission: Connecting People * By connecting people, they help fulfill a fundamental human need for social connections and contact. Nokia builds bridges between people – both when they are far apart and face-to-face – and also bridges the gap between people and the information they need. As a market leader, the best contribution we can make to the global community is to conduct our business in a responsible way.This belief drives our commitment to creating ethically sound policies and principles that guide us in our work. Our Corporate Responsibility (CR) agenda is framed around the Nokia Values and is carried out in all aspects of our work to ensure customer satisfaction and resp ect, and also to assist us in embracing renewal and striving for achievement. By striving to include all members of Nokia's community in this process, we are demonstrating our overall commitment to the belief that responsibility is everybody's business.In this section you will find information about our strategy and approach, navigating the links above will give you more concrete information on our Corporate Responsibility activities. Vision Nokia‘s vision is a world where everyone is connected. With mobile subscriptions about to reach four billion, we are closer to our vision than anyone could have imagined just a few years ago. Our business benefits people, communities and the environment in new and exciting ways. As our business expands, so do our responsibilities. This sense of corporate responsibility (CR) is a fundamental part of who we are.Considering the wider impact of our actions is embedded in the Nokia Values, which guide our behavior, and in the Nokia Code of Cond uct, which gives guidance to our everyday work. Global challenges such as climate change and poverty concern us all. As a business that affects the lives of billions around the world, Nokia is in a key position to offer solutions to these challenges. Engaging you: For us, ‘engaging you’ incorporates the ‘customer satisfaction’ value and deals with engaging all our stakeholders, including employees, in what Nokia stands for in the world.Achieving together: ‘Achieving together’ is more than collaboration and partnership. As well as trust, it involves sharing, having the right mind-set and working in formal and informal networks. Passion for innovation: ‘Passion for innovation’ is based on a desire we have to live our dreams, to find courage and make the leap into the future through innovation in technology, ways of working and through understanding the world around us. Very human: Being ‘very human’ encompasses what we o ffer customers, how we do business and the impact of our actions and behavior on people and the environment.It is about being very human in the world – making things simple, respecting and caring. In short, our desire is to be a very human company. For more information on the Nokia Way and Nokia Values, go to Nokia as an employer within careers. 1. 3. SAMSUNG – PROFILE OF THE ORGANIZATION In 1938 the Samsung’s fonder byung –chull lee ser up a trade export company in Korea, selling fish vegetables and fruit to china . within a decade Samsung had flour mills and confectionary machines and become a co-operation in 1951. Humble beginnings.From 1958onwards Samsung began to expand into other industries such as financial, media, chemical and ship building throughout the 1970’s . in 1969, Samsung electronics was established producing what Samsung is most famous for television, mobile phones (througout90’s), radios, computer components and other elec tronics devices. 1987 founder and chairman, byung-chull lee passed away and kun-hee lee took over as chairman. In the1990’s Samsung began to expand globally building factories in the us, Britain, Germany Thailand Mexico Spain and china until 1997In 1997 nearly all Korean business shrunk in size and Samsung was no exception. They sold business to relieve debt and cut employees down lowering personnel by 50,000. But thanks to the electronic industry they manage to curb this and continue to grow. The history of Samsung and mobile phones stretches back to over 10 years . in 1993 Samsung developed the lightest mobile phone of its era the SCH 800 and it was available on CDMA networks. Then they developed smart phone and a phone combined mp3 player towards the end of the 20th century . to this date Samsung are dedicated to the 3g industry . aking video, camera phones at a speed to keep up with consumer demand . Samsung has made steady growth in the mobile industry and are currently second but competitor Nokia is ahead with more than 100%increase in shares. VISION OF THE COMPANY Leading the digital convergence revolution â€Å"GROWING TO BE THE BEST† As a part of vision Samsung has mapped out a specific plan of reaching $400 billion in revenue & becoming one of the world’s top 5 brands by 2020 MISSION OF THE COMPANY â€Å"DIGITAL –E COMPANY† excited about future to serve better services to the people in the market of telecommunications THE SAMSUNG PHILOSOPHYAt Samsung we follow a simple business philosophy to devote our talent and technology to creating superior products and services that contribute to a better global society. Every day people bring this philosophy to life . Samsung leaders search for the brightest talent from around the world, and give them the resources they need to be the best at what they do . The result is that all of their products from memory chips that help business store vital knowledge to mobile phones that connect people across continents have the power to enrich lives and that’s what making a better global society is all about. VALUESSamsung believe that by living by strong values is the key to business. At Samsung a rigorous code of conduct and these core values are at the heart of every decision they make . PEOPLE Quite simply, a company its people. At Samsung, we are dedicated to giving our people a wealth of opportunities to reach their full potential EXCELLENCE Everything we do at Samsung is driven by an unyielding passion for excellence and an unfaltering commitment to develop the best products and services on the market. CHANGE In today’s fast paced global economy, change is constant and innovation is critical to a company’s survival.As we have done for 70 years, we set our sights on the future ,anticipating market needs and demands so we can steer our company towards long term success . INTIGRITY Operating in an ethical way is the foundations of our busi ness . everything we do is guided by a moral compass that ensures fairness respect for all stakeholders and complete transparency. CO-PROSPERITY A business cannot be successful unless it creates prosperity and opportunity for others . Samsung is dedicated to being a socially and environmentally responsible corporate citizen in every community where we operate around the globe. PRINCIPLES OF THE COMPANY We comply with laws and ethical standards. * We respect customers, shareholders and employees. * We are socially responsible corporate citizen. * We care for the environment health and safety. * We maintain a clean environmental culture. MARKETING STRATEGY OF SAMSUNG * Aggressively hawking flips tops and clamshells with polyphonic ring tones and color screen. * Nationwide distributer and retail presence in the consumer durable market. * Samsung has been associated with the Lakme India fashion week for its mobile phones the company used the LIFW 2005 as a platform to launch D-500,world ’s best mobile phone in the Indian market. Set up a hand set manufacturing facility in India CHAPTER-2 2. 1. REVIEW OF LITREATURE A review of literature helps the researcher to have knowledge about the related study done by others; the following research studies were observed. John Ribeiro, IDG News Service (Apr 27, 2012) Samsung beat Nokia to the top position in the global handset market in the first quarter of 2012, research firms Strategy Analytics and IHS iSuppli said Friday. The research firms however disagreed on Samsung's Smartphone shipments in the first quarter wit iSuppli giving Apple the top position in smart phones, while Strategy Analytics called in favor of Samsung.The Korean company shipped 93. 5 million handsets in the first quarter, up from 69 million units a year earlier, for a 25 percent share of the market, even as global handset shipments grew a little over 3 percent annually to reach 368 million units in the quarter, Strategy Analytics said. How Samsung moved Nokia’s Cheese (Business Today dated May 2012): A comparative study shows How Samsung as a brand in the era of smart phones over took the business of Nokia in India. Nokia's competing smart phones were almost no match for Samsung's.It was not until February 2011 that a Finnish answer to the Galaxy came about in the form of the Lumia phone out of the Nokia-Microsoft tie-up in February 2011. The Lumia series received rave reviews internationally but sells just two phones in India – one at Rs 25,000 and a cheaper one at more than Rs 15,000. The devices are way too expensive going by prices Indians are used to, says Anshul Gupta, analyst at research firm Gartner. Why Nokia lost its market leadership in Indian market: A detailed study was carried out on how and where Nokia had lost its market leadership to competition. â€Å"A new OS is like a new religion,† D.Shivakumar, Nokia's Senior Vice President of sales for India, Middle East and Africa, indicating the m arket takes time to accept a completely new product line. He points to the 13 awards the yet-to-be-launched Lumia 900 won at this January's Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas as an instance of its ability to wow customers. How Nokia is among the top five Most Trusted Brands despite shaken reputation (The Economic Times November 2012): This study reveals How Nokia as India’s leading mobile phone for a large part of its existence was building not just its brand but a new category via its early ad campaigns and commercials.According to Nikunj Daga The findings advised that consumers preferred Nokia over all other brands due to features of the phone. Features such as user friendliness, rough and tough body, long life etc were believed to be the reasons of success. Though the marketing strategies have been aggressive, they were not the reasons for high market share of the company. James Crawshaw, European telecom and technology analyst at S;P Capital IQ, is unequivocal about w here Samsung is getting it right and Nokia wrong. Nokia's success [lies] not in increasing market share but in increasing its smart phones portfolio,† he says in a phone interview. Nokia's profits, he insists, need to come from high-end phones like that of Samsung's Android phones. Ratings firm Standard & Poor's downgraded Nokia below investment grade in April. 2. 2. SIGNFICANCE OF THE STUDY The present study is quite significant because it discusses values cultures vision, mission and strategies of two companies . Nokia and Samsung to make comparative analysis between these two companies it identifies the current ositions of the company . The report finds that high quality and advanced technologies are important factor for Nokia’s success moreover they are concentrating on ne area that is telecommunication while Samsung is indulging in many areas Moreover the other finding is that Nokia’s financial position is surpassing its competitors in the telecommunications report concludes that Nokia has established its leadership in telecom companies Samsung is gaining its area in style point of view or advanced features in their products. 2. 3. MANAGERIAL USEFULLNESS OF THE STUDYManagerial usefulness of the study is to analyze the comparative study between Nokia and Samsung. compare between there market strategies and to know about there vision mission and there future plans the respondents were discussing the questions prior to reply thus there could be biasness different promotional schemes were not known by the respondents. The customer analysis of this coursework highlighted that the upper segment of the population are the major consumers of mobile phones extensive research was conducted into strategies being implemented for the rural market . he prominent brands in Indian cellular phones are Nokia and the Samsung . Nokia has the single largest market share in India of 60%and the we have noticed that Nokia is the only competitor of Samsung but Nokia’s major competitor is Sony Ericson since these are very prominent players in the market 2. 4. COMPARATIVE FEATURES OF THE STUDY Comparing Nokia mobile phones Vs Samsung mobile phones, one can clearly see that both the companies are working hard to give users handsets which will make them more interacting. PRLog (Press Release) – Aug. , 2009 – High tech Nokia mobile phones have created a wave in mobile phone market through out UK. Many companies are launching mobile phones ranging from basic to high end segment with cutting edge technology to grab a respectable place in market. Nokia and Samsung are among those companies which have given some awesome handsets to users. Their mobile phones are not only reliable in terms of durability but also enable users to do different things with them. BY comparing mobile phones of both the companies we can know what users can get by buying their products . Design and CameraStyle is what matters to users hence, both the c ompanies invest ample time in designing of mobile phones before launching them. Samsung mobile phones are little bit advanced than Nokia mobile phones in terms of camera quality as company has already come up with a 12 mega pixel camera in Samsung M8910 pixon 12 while Nokia has provided its highest 8 mega pixel camera in Nokia N86. Though Nokia mobile phones are fabricated with world famous Carl Zeiss lenses which are absent in Samsung. Screen Both Nokia and Samsung mobile phones have one of the best quality screens supported with high resolution to give users best viewing experience.The Nokia N97( http://www. 3contractmobilephones. co. uk/nokia_mobile_phone†¦ ) has 3. 5 inches wide screen with resolution of 360 x 640 pixels and 16 million colours. The same specification can be found in Samsung B7610. Being the basic feature, both the companies try to provide best available display screen depending on range of the mobile phone. Data With the advent of 3G, Nokia mobile phones an d Samsung mobile phones have tried to integrate this feature in their handsets. With 3G one can connect to high speed mobile broadband to explore. 2. 4.OJECTIVES OF THE STUDY * To know about the cellular industries. * To help consumers to know about the companies their products and the future over comings * To know about the brand Nokia and the Samsung their products, market strategies, values mission adopted in the cellular companies. * To know consumer behavior towards Nokia and Samsung. 2. 5. SCOPE OF THE STUDY As learning is the human activity and is as natural ,as breathing despite of the fact the learning is all pervasive in our lives, psychologists do not agree on how learning takes place . ow individuals learn s a matter of interest to marketers they want to teach consumers in their roles as their roles as consumers. They want consumers to learn about their products product attributes, potential consumers benefit, how to use, maintain or even dispose of the product and the n ew ways of behaving that will satisfy not only the consumer needs, but the marketer’s objectives. The scope our study restricts itself to the analysis of CONSUMER BEHAVIOR, perception of Nokia and Samsung. 2. 6. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY * The findings of the study will be based on opinion of the respondents, which may be based. The study is confined to Coimbatore youth population * Lack of time and finance may prevent from carrying out in depth study. CHAPTER-3 RESEARCH METHDOLOG Research comprise defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating Hypothesis. In short, the search for Knowledge through Objective and Systematic method of finding solutions to a problem is Research. Research DesignType of Research: – Descriptive research Descriptive research includes Surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The main characteristic of this method is that the researcher has no control over the variables; he can only report what has happened or what is happening. Data Source: * There are two types of data. Primary Data: * The data was mainly obtained from the people feedback on the questionnaire which was distributed by the group members at various places Secondary Data: * The secondary data was obtained from various journals, internet, magazines etc.Research Instruments Selected instrument for Data Collection for Survey is Questionnaire. Sample Design Who is to be surveyed? The marketing researcher must define the target population that will be sampled. The sample Unit taken by me; General public of youth population, different gender and different professions. Extent:- Where the survey should be carried out? I have covered entire Coimbatore city for the survey Time Frame:- When the survey should be conducted? I conducted my survey f or 1week Sampling Frame:- The source from which the sample is drawn Sampling Technique: –How should the respondent be chosen? In the Project sampling is done on basis of Probability sampling. Among the probability sampling design the sampling design chosen is stratified random sampling. Because in this survey I had stratified the sample in different gender and different profession Sample Size/ Population Size: – How many people should be surveyed? My sample size is 55 Tools of analysis:- Simple percentage analysis and weighted average are used for the study. bar chart were also used to this study. Based on these results, conclusions were drawn and suggestions were given. 1.Simple percentage analysis:- This method is based on the opinion of respondents percentage is been calculated for respective scale of each other factor Simple percentage is calculated by using the following formula Simple percentage = [Total respondents/Total number of respondents]*100. 2. Weighted a verage method:- In weighed average method the mean in which each item being averaged is multiplied by a number (weight)the result is summed and the total is divided by the sum of weights. Weighted averages are used expensively in descriptive statistical analysis such as index number.It may also called as weighed mean. Weighed average = [N1*A1+N2*A2+N3*A3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦+Nn*An] —————————————————- [N1+N2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Nn] Weighed average =wx/n . CHAPTER-4 DATA ANALYSIS Table -4. 1 1. The below table shows Brands which are used by the respondents. CRITERIA | NO. OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE | NOKIA| 19| 35 %| SAMSUNG | 22| 40 %| SONY| 3| 5 %| BLACKBERRY | 3| 5 %| MICROMAX| 5| 10 %| OTHERS| 3| 5 %| TOTAL| 55| 100%| INTERPRETATION:From the above table, out of 55 respondents 35% of respondents were using Nokia, 40% of Responde nts using Blackberry, 10% of respondents were using Micromax and 5% of respondents were respondents using Blackberry, 10% of respondent were using Micromax and 5% of respondents were dents were using Samsung, 5 % of respondents were using Sony, 5% of respondents were using Blackberry, 10% of respondent were using Micromax and 5% of respondents were using others. Chart -4. 1 1. The below chart shows brands which are used by the respondents . Table-4. 2 2. The below table shows percentage of people who would like to buy a good brand mobile?PARTICULAR| NO. OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE | NOKIA| 10| 18%| SAMSUNG| 14| 25%| SONY| 1| 2%| BLACKBERRY| 4| 7%| APPLE| 24| 44%| HTC| 1| 2%| OTHERS| 1| 2%| TOTAL| 55| 100| INTERPRETATION: From the above table out of 55 respondents, 18% of respondents are prefer to buy Nokia, 25% of respondents are prefer to buy Samsung, 2% of respondents are prefer to buy Sony,7% of respondents are prefer to buy Blackberry,44% of respondents are prefer to buy Apple , 2% of respondents are prefer to buy HTC, and 2% of respondents are prefer to buy Chart -4. 2 2. The below chart shows percentage of people who would like to buy a good brand mobile?Table -4. 3 3. The below table shows brands which have the best battery backup. PARTICULAR| NO. OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE | NOKIA| 25| 45%| SAMSUNG | 15| 27%| SONY| 3| 5%| BLACKBERRY | 2| 4%| MICROMAX| 1| 2%| OTHERS| 8| 15%| TOTAL| 55| 100%| INTERPRETATION: From the above table, out of 55 respondents 45% of respondents are mention that Nokia have the best battery back up,27%of respondents are mention the Samsung ,5% of respondents are mention the Sony ,4% of respondents are mention the Black berry ,2% of respondents are mention the Micromax,15% of respondents are mention the others.Chart -3 3. The below chart shows brands which have the best battery backup. Table -4. 4 4. The below table depicts the features that best suits a brand Criteria | Nokia | Percentage | Samsung | Percentage | Others | Percentag e | Total | Reliability | 29| 53%| 20| 36%| 6| 11%| 100%| Android | 12| 22%| 35| 64%| 8| 14%| 100%| Music | 26| 47%| 22| 40%| 7| 13%| 100%| Camera picture clarity (megapixel)| 21| 38%| 23| 42%| 11| 20%| 100%| Social networking | 28| 50%| 22| 40%| 5| 10%| 100%| Touch screen | 16| 29%| 31| 56%| 8| 15%| 100%|Economically price tag | 22| 40%| 20| 36%| 13| 24%| 100%| INTERPRETATION: * From the above table out of 55 respondents, most of the respondents prefer Nokia as reliable. 36% of respondents are prefer Samsung and 11%of respondents are prefer others. * In the above table 64% of respondents are prefer android facility in Samsung ,22% of respondents are prefer Nokia and 14% of respondents are prefer others. * In the above table 47% of respondents are prefer music in Nokia ,40% , of respondents are prefer Samsung and 13% of respondents are prefer others. In the above table 42% of respondents are prefer Samsung in the category of camera picture clarity,38% of respondents are prefer Nokia ,and 20 % of respondents are prefer others. * In the above table 50% of respondents are prefer Nokia in the criteria of social networking ,40% of respondents are prefer Samsung, and 10% of respondents are prefer others. * In the above table 56% of respondents are prefer Samsung in the criteria of touch screen , 29% of respondents are prefer Nokia, and 15% of respondents are prefer others. In the above table 40% of respondents are prefer Nokia in the criteria of economically price tag,36% of respondents prefer Samsung and 24% of respondents are prefer others. Chart -4. 4 4. The below table depicts the features that best suits a brand Table -4. 5 5. The below table shows criteria on which Nokia is rated. Criteria | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Total | Weighed average | Rank | Maintenance | 20| 36| 27| 20| 15| 118| 2. 14| 3| Durability | 40| 14| 9| 8| 15| 86| 1. 56| 1| Style/design | 5| 20| 6| 120| 40| 191| 3. 47| 6| Colour | 1| 8| 30| 100| 75| 214| 3. 89| 8|Size | 2| 6| 75| 60| 50| 193| 3. 50| 7| Price | 2| 70| 30| 20| 15| 142| 2. 58| 4| Availability | 32| 16| 30| 12| 10| 100| 1. 81| 2| Light weight | 5| 6| 12| 60| 140| 223| 4. 05| 9| Comfort | 15| 24| 18| 10| 10| 179| 3. 25| 5| INTERPRETATION: From the above table Nokia occupies first place in durability, second place in availability, third place in maintenance, fourth place in price, fifth place in comfort, sixth place in style and design, seventh place in size, eight place in colour and finally nineth place in light weight. It shows the rank of Nokia phones.Table -4. 6 6. The table below shows criteria on which Sony Ericson is rated. Criteria | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Total | Weighed average | Rank | Maintenance | 5| 6| 30| 80| 85| 206| 3. 74| 5| Durability | 3| 4| 18| 76| 125| 226| 4. 10| 8| Style/design | 35| 20| 15| 12| 10| 92| 1. 67| 1| Colour | 30| 30| 6| 12| 25| 103| 1. 87| 2| Size | 18| 30| 36| 40| 50| 174| 3. 16| 3| Price | 2| 6| 30| 100| 75| 213| 3. 87| 6| Availability | 4| 10| 66| 56| 50| 186| 3. 38| 4| Light weight | 5| 6| 12| 60| 140| 223| 4. 05| 7| Comfort | 3| 4| 75| 160| 50| 292| 5. 30| 9| INTERPRETATION:From the above table SONY ERICSON occupies first place in style and design , second place in colour, third place in size, fourth place in price, fifth place in maintenance, sixth place in price, seventh place in light weight, eighth place in durability and finally ninth place in comfort. It shows the rank of SONY ERICSON phones. Table 4. 7 7. The table below shows criteria on which Micromax is rated. Criteria | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Total | Weighed average | Rank | Maintenance | 6| 10| 54| 40| 80| 190| 3. 45| 4| Durability | 4| 14| 48| 80| 40| 186| 3. 38| 3| Style/design | 2| 6| 30| 32| 160| 230| 4. 8| 8| Colour | 5| 6| 6| 60| 150| 227| 4. 12| 6| Size | 2| 6| 18| 36| 175| 237| 4. 30| 9| Price | 38| 18| 9| 8| 15| 88| 1. 60| 1| Availability | 3| 4| 18| 76| 125| 226| 4. 10| 5| Light weight | 35| 20| 15| 12| 10| 92| 1. 67| 2| Comfort | 1| 8| 30| 48| 140| 227| 4. 12| 6| INTERPRETATION: From the above tabl e MICROMAX occupies first place in price, second place in light weight, third place in durability, fourth place in maintenance, fifth place in availability , sixth place in comfort and colour, eighth place in style and design and finally ninth place in comfort.It shows the rank of MICROMAX phones. Table -4. 8 8. The table below shows criteria on which Black berry is rated. Criteria | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Total | Weighed average | Rank | Maintenance | 18| 40| 27| 20| 15| 120| 2. 18| 3| Durability | 10| 35| 5| 3| 2| 117| 2. 12| 2| Style/design | 12| 20| 84| 16| 5| 137| 2. 49| 6| Colour | 9| 26| 75| 20| 15| 145| 2. 63| 8| Size | 5| 64| 39| 12| 10| 130| 2. 36| 4| Price | 5| 6| 12| 60| 140| 223| 4. 05| 9| Availability | 18| 24| 45| 24| 20| 131| 2. 38| 5| Light weight | 8| 46| 45| 20| 20| 139| 2. 52| 7| Comfort | 39| 16| 9| 8| 15| 87| 1. 58| 1| INTERPRETATION:From the above table BLACKBERRY occupies first place in comfort, second place in durability, third place in maintenance, fourth place in size, fifth place in availability, sixth place in style and design, seventh place in light weight, eighth place in colour and finally ninth place in price. It shows the rank of BLACKBERRY phones. Table -4. 9 9. The table below shows criteria on which Samsung is rated. Criteria | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Total | Weighed average | Rank | Maintenance | 2| 12| 30| 84| 80| 206| 3. 78| 8| Durability | 7| 50| 54| 12| 10| 133| 2. 41| 2| Style/design | 3| 10| 105| 40| 10| 168| 3. 5| 4| Colour | 15| 56| 18| 16| 15| 120| 2. 18| 1| Size | 2| 16| 96| 40| 15| 169| 3. 07| 5| Price | 4| 16| 90| 36| 20| 166| 3. 01| 3| Availability | 2| 10| 33| 132| 20| 197| 3. 58| 6| Light weight | 3| 10| 18| 124| 50| 205| 3. 72| 7| Comfort | 1| 8| 30| 100| 75| 214| 3. 89| 9| INTERPRETATION: From the above table SAMSUNG occupies first place in colour, second place in durability, third place in price, fourth place in style and design, fifth place in size sixth place in availability , seventh place in light weight, eighth place in maintenance and finally ninth place in comfort.It shows the rank of SAMSUNG phones. Table4. 10 10. The below table shows Satisfaction level of service provided by Nokia service centre. S. NO| CRITERIA | NO. OF RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| High satisfied| 19| 35%| 2| Satisfied| 26| 47%| 3| . Not satisfied| 10| 18%| INTERPRETATION: From the above table, out of 55 respondents 35% of respondents are found to be highly satisfied that the gaining satisfaction from service centre. 47% of respondents are found it to be satisfied, 18% of respondents are found to be not satisfied.Chart-4. 10 10. The below chart shows Satisfaction level of service provided by Nokia service centre. Table 4. 11 11. The below table depicts the features that best suits a brand Criteria| Nokia | Percentage | Samsung | Percentage | Others | Percentage | Total | Built in memory | 31| 56%| 17| 31%| 7| 13%| 100%| Software compatibility| 20| 36%| 31| 56%| 4| 7%| 100%| Audio output | 23| 42%| 21| 38%| 11| 20%| 100% | Appearances | 20| 36%| 28| 51%| 7| 13%| 100%| Accessories | 24| 44%| 21| 38%| 10| 18%| 100%| INTERPRETATION: From the above table out of 55 respondents, 56% of respondents are majorly prefer Nokia has built in memory. 31% of respondents are prefer Samsung and 13%of respondents are prefer others. * From the above table out of 55 respondents, 56% of respondents are majorly preferred Samsung has software compatibility, 36% of respondents are prefer Nokia and 7% of respondents are prefer others. * From the above table out of 55 respondents 42% of respondents are majorly preferred Nokia has audio output , 38% of respondents are prefer Samsung and 20% of respondents are prefer others. From the above table out of 55 respondents, 51% of respondents are majorly preferred Samsung in the category of Appearances, 36% of respondents are prefer Nokia, and 13 % of respondents are prefer others. * From the above table out 55 respondents 44% of respondents are majorly preferred Nokia in the criteria of Accessories, 38% of respondents are preferring Samsung, and 18% of respondents are prefer others. Chart -4. 11 11. The below chart depicts the features that best suits a brand Table 4. 12 12. The table below shows the brands which have the better brand image.Particulars | No of respondents| Percentage | Nokia | 21| 38%| Samsung | 18| 33%| Others | 16| 29%| INTERPRETATION: From the above table, out of 55 respondents, 38% of respondents are preferred Nokia have the better brand image, 33% of respondents are prefer Samsung and 29% of respondents are prefer others. Chart 4-12 12. The table chart shows the brands which have the better brand image. Table -4. 13 13. The table below shows brands which have largest service network Particulars | No of respondents| Percentage | Nokia| 24| 44%| Samsung | 21| 38%|Others | 10| 18%| INTERPRETATION: From the above table out of 55 respondents, 44% of the respondents preferred Nokia have largest service network, 38% of the respondents are prefer Samsung and 18% of the respondents are prefer others. Chart -4. 13 13. The chart below shows brands which have largest service network. Table-4. 14 10. The below table shows satisfaction level of service provided by Samsung service center. Particulars | No of respondents| Percentage | Highly satisfied | 21| 38%| Satisfied | 18| 33%| Not satisfied| 16| 29%| INTERPRETATION:From the above table, out of 55 respondents 44% of respondents are found to be highly satisfied that the gaining satisfaction from Samsung service centre. 38% of respondents are found it to be satisfied, 18% of respondents are found to be not satisfied. Chart -4. 14 10. The below chart shows satisfaction level of service provided by Samsung service center. Suggestions given by the people †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. During our survey we asked the people to give some suggestions to the compananies there is similar suggestion for both the companies given by 25 peoples that they should not increase their prices.And 1 suggestions g iven by only 1 person out of 55 that is cellular companies that there should be some function to indicate the person is driving this will not avoid accidents during driving. CHAPTER-5 FINDINGS * 40% respondents are using Samsung. * 44% of respondent are willing to buy apple phones. * 45% of respondents are choosing Nokia for the best battery back. * 53% of respondents prefer Nokia phones as reliable. 3 * 64% of respondents are choosing Samsung in the criteria of android facility. * 47% of respondents are selects Nokia hearing best music. 42% of respondents are choosing Nokia for the internet connection in social networking sites. * 56% of respondents choose Samsung for touch sensitivity. * 40% of respondents are choosing Nokia for the price tags. * 56% of respondents are choosing Nokia for the memory status56% of respondents chooses Samsung has best software compatibility. * 42% of respondents choosing Nokia for the best audio output. * 3. 37% of respondents are choosing Nokia for d urability as first place. * 1. 67% of respondents are choosing Sony Ericson for style and design as fist place. * 1. 0% of respondents are choosing Micromax in the criteria of price tag as first place. * 1. 58% of respondents are choosing Blackberry for comfort as first place. * 2. 18% of respondents are choosing Samsung for colour as first place. * 47% of respondents are satisfied by the Nokia service centre. * 51% of respondents are choosing Nokia for appearance as best. * 44% of respondents are choosing Nokia for the accessories as the best. * 38% respondents are prefer Nokia for the better brand image. * 44% of respondents are prefer Nokia have the largest service network. 38% of respondents are highly satisfied for the service provide by the Samsung service centre. RECOMMENDATION After analyzing all the data we have some recommendations such as:- Advertisements: – Nokia use advertisement mode of promotion after launching a new cell phone in the market. So people don†™t have much knowledge about their latest models. While Samsung have lots of ads in market before launching it EXAMPLE: – * Giving advertisement on television or cable * Giving print media add which explain all the features of cell phone SPECIAL SCHEMES: – Nokia always launch high range products.So to increase the sales it has to give advertisement or special discount or special schemes with every purchase of new cell phone. Samsung have color variety in their cell phones as Nokia don’t have this much. CONCLUSION Nokia and Samsung segment the market on a similar basis. However, they have different interpretations Nokia has saturated the urban market including the B and C class cities and is now targeting potentially untapped markets. Samsung on the other hand has chosen to focus its energies on the B and C class cities since which it had not ventured into so far.The prominent brands in the Indian cellular phone industry are Nokia, Sony Ericsson, apple, and Sam sung. Nokia has the single largest market share in India of 60%. We have analysed that Nokia is better than Samsung. Nokia and also on one of its major competitors; Samsung since these are very prominent players in the Indian market. BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS * Kothari, C. R. (2007), Research Methodology Methods and Techniques, INTERNET: 1. www. wikipedia. com 2. www. projectsmonitor. com 3. http://www. nokia. com 4. www. samsung . com 5. www. businesstoday . com 6. www. economictimes . com

The Ho-Chunk Nation

Ho-Chunk Nation The Ho-Chunk Nation’s culture and beliefs have sustained them for centuries which make their tribe one of the strongest Native American Tribes in the United States today. Their tribe is made up of 7,071 members, due to the devotion of the tribe elders passing along traditions to the younger generations. Today, the Ho-Chunk Nation is a non-reservation tribe with 3,407 acres of trust land and 5,310 acres of taxable land. The Tribe had to repurchase this land that they once owned from the U. S. Government.The Ho-Chunk Native Trust Lands are located in: Adams, Clark, Crawford, Dane, Eau Claire, Jackson, Juneau, La Crosse, Marathon, Monroe, Sauk, Shawano, Vernon and Wood Counties in Wisconsin and also in the State of Illinois. There are also large numbers of tribal members that live in Minneapolis, Madison, Milwaukee, and Chicago. In 1836, the Ho Chunk was removed from the choice land of southern Wisconsin to make room for the miners that were taking over the land. The area was also in demand for the lush farmland of the various river valleys.This land was taken from the Ho Chunk for nickels and dimes, and the people were forcibly removed on to Indian reservations in northeastern Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota and Nebraska. Ho-Chunk elders recall terrifying scenes of tribal members being rounded up at gunpoint and loaded into boxcars against their will. They were shipped to reservations far from the place they called home. Eventually, many Ho-Chunk refused to live on the poor reservations and returned to their homeland in Wisconsin. The native people with an ancestral lineage dating back to pre-history were first known as the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe.This name was given to them by early European explorers. In 1994, when the tribe adopted its present constitution, the Nation reclaimed their original name: Ho-Chunk or â€Å"People of the Big Voice. † The Ho-Chunk were avid hunters, gatherers and farmers. They created and became known for their raised garden beds where they grew specialized plants for food. The men hunted while the women gathered. The food consisted of corn, squash, green plants, roots, berries, making maple syrup and maple candy, venison, fresh fish, and small game.After harvest, the food storage process consisted of drying foods naturally for the long winters. As Caretakers of the land, they moved as the food source did, and during seasons providing the plant life abundant to this region. Villages moved to conserve the area's resources. Their history of living off the land helped the Ho-Chunk develop a unique relationship with Wisconsin’s terrain. Women tanned hides, wove mats from the strong grasses near the waters' edge, made clothing, and taught their daughters.The grandmothers and grandfathers played an important part in the instruction and rearing of children. The Dagas, or Uncles, were the disciplinarians within a family unit. There was no need for a mother or father to raise their voi ces, for the practice was to train the children to have such respect for a Daga. The children lived in fear of punishment from their Daga that they were well-mannered and productive children. The Ho-Chunk government provides many services to their tribe. The housing program helps with home ownership and property management.The education program has four primary school districts in Tomah, Black River Falls, Baraboo, and Wisconsin Dells. The labor program which is a certification of Indian preference for contracting and subcontracting; safety, and they provide supportive services; which helps youth employment. Health services which provide Food Distribution Program, Community Health Representatives, Community Health Nurses, At-Large Health Care, Alcohol/Drug Program, Environmental Health, Benefit Coordinators, Special Diabetes Programs for Indians and a Mental Health Program.They Also provide services for veterans and social services. Bibliography 1. Wisconsin State Tribal Relations I nitiative, Ho-Chunk Nation http://witribes. wi. gov/docview. asp? docid=5638&locid=57 2. Ho-Chunk Nation http://www. ho-chunknation. com/UserFiles/File/OOP/04HCN_mediakit_rtpages_ACT. pdf 3. http://www. mpm. edu/wirp/icw-52. html 4. http://www. wisconsinhistory. org/whspress/pdf/247. pdf

Why Did Christopher Columbus Not Discover America

Why did Christopher Columbus not discover America? â€Å"In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue.† One of the first things we learned in primary school was that Christopher Columbus discovered America, they also made us read Christopher s Journals (1493) such as: â€Å" They †¦ brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they exchanged for the glass beads and hawks bells. They willingly traded everything they owned... . They were well-built, with good bodies and handsome features.... They do not bear arms, and do not know them, for I showed them a sword, they took it by the edge and cut themselves out of ignorance. They have no iron. Their spears are made of cane... . They would make fine servants.... With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want.† Here he was describing what he encountered with the â€Å"Taino indigenous peoples of Hispaniola.† However, we as students neve r questioned how is it Columbus â€Å"discovered† America. In his journals (1493) he states that he encountered people that lived there before he arrived, even though it wasn t really America. The word discover is defined as â€Å" to obtain sight or knowledge of for the first time.† There is evidence that validate Columbus did not discover America. One evidence that validates Columbus did not discover America is the inaccuracy in his studies. Columbus and his cohorts believed andShow MoreRelatedWhy Did Christopher Columbus Not Discover America?874 Words   |  4 PagesWhy did Christopher Columbus not discover America? â€Å"In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue.† One of the first things we learned in primary school was that Christopher Columbus discovered America. But they also made us read Christopher s Journals (1493) such as â€Å" They ... brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they exchanged for the glass beads and hawks bells. They willingly traded everythingRead MoreWho Really Discovered America Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesWho discovered America? By: Deanne Mastrocola Why is it that American culture today attributes its geographic discovery to a man named Christopher Columbus? Could it be that he was the first European to claim this land as part of an Imperialistic expansion or is it merely out of convenience for the history books? 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We teach our children to be honest and truthful, but then lie to them for the first six to eight years of their educational lives about their own history. For in fact, Columbus did not discover America and did not unveil the myth regarding the world being flat. At the moment, I have yet to discover if Christopher Columbu s ever discovered anything at all. Knowing the meaningRead MoreChristopher Columbus and His Discoveries702 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.† Have you ever heard of this famous quote? This quote is about Christopher Columbus and his discovery of the Americas. On the first Monday in October, we celebrate Columbus Day, based on the belief that he discovered the Americas. One might conclude that Christopher Columbus did not discover the Americas because the Native Americans, Vikings, and Phoenicians had already set foot there. First of all, when Christopher Columbus set foot in the Americas, he encounteredRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Columbus Day1400 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 3rd, 2017 Columbus Day: Celebrating Genocide, Rape, and Enslavement Since 1492 Columbus Day! The second Monday in October. A day celebrating Christopher Columbus, which everyone rejoices because no work! A cherished day off. However, keep in mind what we are celebrating on this day. The man who this day honors, celebrates, glorifies, is no hero. He did not discover America. He was not, in any way, a person who should be respected or honored. In celebrating Columbus Day, we are celebratingRead MoreThe Overdue Abolishment Of Columbus Day1559 Words   |  7 Pagesna Manley November 8th, 2015 Writing 121 The overdue abolishment of Columbus Day Christopher Columbus may have first left his mark on the Americas in the 15th century, but the United States didn’t establish a federal holiday in his honor until 1937 (Dan Fitcher). 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Columbus was born around 1451 in the republic of Genoa (what today wouldRead MoreWhy We Shouldnt Celebrate Columbus Day Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesViolet Greeley College Paper Persuasive Paper March 29, 2010 Why Columbus Day Should Not Be a Holiday Christopher Columbus has been viewed as a hero for several centuries. Children in elementary schools all over the nation are taught that he discovered America. However, there were many other people who were indigenous to the land already and the Vikings arrived in America almost 500 years before Columbus. Christopher Columbus, as it turned out, was responsible for widespread genocide; he permittedRead MoreChristopher Columbus As A Hero For The Discovery Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagescelebrate Christopher Columbus, for â€Å"discovering† the Americas. However, it was actually the Vikings were the first to discover America 500 years prior to Columbus. Since preschool all through middle school, children are taught that he was a great Spanish explorer who sailed to the Americas on the Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria. In our textbooks we are taught that he helped prove that world was not flat, but many people had already began to realize that it was not flat because they did not fall Why Did Christopher Columbus Not Discover America Why did Christopher Columbus not discover America? â€Å"In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue.† One of the first things we learned in primary school was that Christopher Columbus discovered America. But they also made us read Christopher s Journals (1493) such as â€Å" They ... brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they exchanged for the glass beads and hawks bells. They willingly traded everything they owned... . They were well-built, with good bodies and handsome features.... They do not bear arms, and do not know them, for I showed them a sword, they took it by the edge and cut themselves out of ignorance. They have no iron. Their spears are made of cane... . They would make fine servants.... With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want.† where he described how they met the â€Å"Taino indigenous peoples of Hispaniola.† However we as students never questioned how is that Columbus â€Å"discovered† America while in his journals (1493) he states that he encountered with peoples that lived there before he arrived , even though it wasn t really America. Discover is define as â€Å" to obtain sight or knowledge of for the first time.† There are many evidences that validates that Columbus did not discover America;One, is the inaccuracy in his studies, they believed and studied that Earth was flat and smaller than it actually was, while â€Å"Show MoreRelatedWhy Did Christopher Columbus Not Discover America?887 Words   |  4 Pages Why did Christopher Columbus not discover America? â€Å"In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue.† One of the first things we learned in primary school was that Christopher Columbus discovered America, they also made us read Christopher s Journals (1493) such as: â€Å" They †¦ brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they exchanged for the glass beads and hawks bells. They willingly traded everythingRead MoreWho Really Discovered America Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesWho discovered America? By: Deanne Mastrocola Why is it that American culture today attributes its geographic discovery to a man named Christopher Columbus? Could it be that he was the first European to claim this land as part of an Imperialistic expansion or is it merely out of convenience for the history books? It is known that the American continent was populated by 1000 AD which is long before settlements by Viking fisherman and even longer before the arrival of Columbus. In spite of thisRead MoreChristopher Columbus Seeking a Royal Sponsorship896 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Christopher Columbus Seeking a Royal Sponsorship† Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy in fourteen fifty one. His father was a merchant that traded wine and other things, and there is where Christopher Columbus worked. They were considered to be the lower middle class back in this time. This town was almost surrounded entirely by sea, and there were a lot of sailors. Christopher Columbus grew tired of working on land and became fascinated by the ocean and sailing, so when he becameRead MoreColumbus Day and Christopher Columbus Essay611 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"In fourteen hundred ninety-two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue†, starts the beginning of one of history’s biggest fabrications. We teach our children to be honest and truthful, but then lie to them for the first six to eight years of their educational lives about their own history. For in fact, Columbus did not discover America and did not unveil the myth regarding the world being flat. At the moment, I have yet to discover if Christopher Columbu s ever discovered anything at all. Knowing the meaningRead MoreChristopher Columbus and His Discoveries702 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.† Have you ever heard of this famous quote? This quote is about Christopher Columbus and his discovery of the Americas. On the first Monday in October, we celebrate Columbus Day, based on the belief that he discovered the Americas. One might conclude that Christopher Columbus did not discover the Americas because the Native Americans, Vikings, and Phoenicians had already set foot there. First of all, when Christopher Columbus set foot in the Americas, he encounteredRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Columbus Day1400 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 3rd, 2017 Columbus Day: Celebrating Genocide, Rape, and Enslavement Since 1492 Columbus Day! The second Monday in October. A day celebrating Christopher Columbus, which everyone rejoices because no work! A cherished day off. However, keep in mind what we are celebrating on this day. The man who this day honors, celebrates, glorifies, is no hero. He did not discover America. He was not, in any way, a person who should be respected or honored. In celebrating Columbus Day, we are celebratingRead MoreThe Overdue Abolishment Of Columbus Day1559 Words   |  7 Pagesna Manley November 8th, 2015 Writing 121 The overdue abolishment of Columbus Day Christopher Columbus may have first left his mark on the Americas in the 15th century, but the United States didn’t establish a federal holiday in his honor until 1937 (Dan Fitcher). Commissioned by Spanish king Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to explore Asia, Columbus instead sailed to the new world in 1492 (Dan Fitcher). He first come ashore in the Bahamas later making his way to Cuba and the island of Hispaniola (nowRead MoreThe Christopher Columbus741 Words   |  3 Pages Little may one know about Christopher Columbus, other than the fact that â€Å"Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492†. Even though he was claimed to have discovered the Americas, he was never the first to arrive there because (according to historians) the Vikings were there first. But, his discovery led other people in Europe know about the Americas therefore changing the world. Columbus shaped the world as we know it today. Columbus was born around 1451 in the republic of Genoa (what today wouldRead MoreWhy We Shouldnt Celebrate Columbus Day Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesViolet Greeley College Paper Persuasive Paper March 29, 2010 Why Columbus Day Should Not Be a Holiday Christopher Columbus has been viewed as a hero for several centuries. Children in elementary schools all over the nation are taught that he discovered America. However, there were many other people who were indigenous to the land already and the Vikings arrived in America almost 500 years before Columbus. Christopher Columbus, as it turned out, was responsible for widespread genocide; he permittedRead MoreChristopher Columbus As A Hero For The Discovery Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagescelebrate Christopher Columbus, for â€Å"discovering† the Americas. However, it was actually the Vikings were the first to discover America 500 years prior to Columbus. Since preschool all through middle school, children are taught that he was a great Spanish explorer who sailed to the Americas on the Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria. In our textbooks we are taught that he helped prove that world was not flat, but many people had already began to realize that it was not flat because they did not fall

Pip in Charles Dickens Great Expectations - 3985 Words

Pip in Charles Dickens Great Expectations After reading the compelling ‘Great Expectations’ by the famous writer Charles Dickens, I can gather that it is based upon his own psychological insight to life. He makes connections in relation to a specific character or event in the storyline, which were critical in his own expectations. Also Dickens moulds his selection of characters very well into the desired settings he’d created, that matched what he knew only too well throughout his childhood. ‘Great Expectations’ not only satires the issues of Victorian society, yet centres on the rites of passage that marks an important change in a person’s life. Dickens’ issue of contentment is something that concerns many human beings;†¦show more content†¦Dickens builds Joe up well as a character in the way that he had well defined qualities: ‘mild, good-natured, sweet-tempered, easy-going, foolish...’ Pip looks upon Joe as the person who can provide him guidance and one who Pip could seek refuge from his violent sister. Pip becomes dependant on Joe, as he is the only one there for him who is prepared to listen to his problems. Moreover, Joe is a positive influence on Pip, always looking out for him and at the same time offering him security. Despite Joe’s good points, he is not seen a strong enough or suitable role model for Pip, yet this solid friendship leaves Pip clear on how he thinks of his sister compared to Joe: ‘I do not recall that I felt any tenderness of conscience in reference to Mrs Joe, when the fear of being found out was lifted off me. But I loved Joe-perhaps for no better reason in those early days than because the dear fellow let me love him-and, as to him, my inner self was not so easily composed.’ (page38) When Pip is invited to play at the materialistic Satis House, all these good values he has been brought up on are entirely thrown out of the window. Satis House, home of the jilted Miss Havisham and her adopted daughter Estella (Latin for stars), is designed to have a great affect on Pip and in turn, the reader. Its desolateness makes Pip feelShow MoreRelatedPip in Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesPip in Charles Dickens Great Expectations Great Expectations, written by Charles Dickens and set in mid-late Victorian era; is about a boy named Philip Pirrip, better known as Pip and his great expectations. As a child he lived with his sister and brother in-law Joe. Luck brings him to the aid of a convict, and to the house of a wealthy society lady. After many encounters with her in Satis house, he seeks a life as a gentleman. A Victorian society gentleman is a man of high socialRead MoreEssay Sympathy for Pip in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens997 Words   |  4 PagesSympathy for Pip in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens For the past half term, in English, we have been spending our lessons on a novel by Charles Dickens called Great Expectations We have been concentrating on the opening Chapters as well as to understand the novel. Great Expectations is based on a boy called Pip. Pip is an orphan who lives with his cruel sister and husband Joe Smith whos a blacksmith. He is poor and lonely as his siblings unfortunately died. Read More Sympathy for Pip in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Essay2049 Words   |  9 PagesSympathy for Pip in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens problems with format    Great Expectations is a novel in which each character is a subject of either sympathy or scorn.   Charles Dickens implies through his use of guilt and suffering that Pip is a subject of sympathy.   Frazier Russell wrote that in Great Expectations the protagonist (through his suffering and disappointment), learns to accept his station in life.(   Also through Pips suffering comes the sympathy the reader feelsRead MoreCharacter Analysis in Pip in Charles Dickens ´ Great Expectations1542 Words   |  7 PagesGraduate, or the next new celebrity. But, these expectations can begin to define a person if he believes he has to conform to societys expectations. In Charles Dickens novel Great Expectations, young Pip feels the pressure from society and his love, Estella, to become a gentleman. By attempting to rise in his social class Pip then abandons his previous good morals and his family members when he moves to London. Each character has aspirations for Pip which he believes he must fulfill in order toRead MoreThe Relationship Between Pip and Abel Magwitch in Charles Dickens Great Expectations1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe Relationship Between Pip and Abel Magwitch in Charles Dickens Great Expectations In this essay, I am to observe the changes in the relationship between Pip and the convict Abel MagwitchRead MorePip in Charles Dickens Great Expectations and Jem and Scout in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird1381 Words   |  6 PagesBoth Pip in Charles Dickens Great Expectations and Jem and Scout in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird have deep fears in early childhood. How do the authors create these fears and vulnerabilities? Charles Dickens Great Expectations and Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird are two very different books. Great Expectations tells the story of a young boy growing up in Kent at the beginning of the 19th century, and To Kill a Mocking Bird centres around two children growing up in AmericaRead MoreGreat Expectations: Prose Study Coursework How Did Charles Dickens Create Sympathy for Pip in the Opening Chapter of Great Expectation?1161 Words   |  5 PagesGreat expectations: Prose study coursework How did Charles Dickens create sympathy for Pip in the opening chapter of great expectation? In this essay I’m going to be writing about a Charles Dickens book called ‘Great Expectations’ and how he successfully makes the reader feel sorry for the main character in the book named Pip; a young orphan, alone in a graveyard and how bad his life is or how bad its going to get. Dickens makes the reader feel sorry for Pip because we find out that, apart fromRead MoreGreat Expectations and a Christmas Carol: a True Gentleman Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations and A Christmas Carol: A True Gentleman According to Dictionary.com, a gentleman is a civilized, educated, sensitive, or well-mannered man. However, by Victorian definition, a gentleman was, perhaps most importantly, a rich man. â€Å"Charles Dickens†¦was an author of relatively humble origins who desired passionately to be recognized as a gentleman, and insisted, in consequence, upon the essential dignity of his occupation† (Victorian Web). In Great Expectations he portrays Pip, aRead More Attitudes toward Victorian Society in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens1156 Words   |  5 PagesGreat Expectations Explore some of the ways in which Dickens’ attitudes to Victorian society are presented in the opening chapter of Great Expectations. For this essay I will be focusing on the opening chapters of Great Expectations, a novel written by Charles Dickens. I am going to consider the Victorian society at the time and dickens’ use of language to express themes, settings and characters. Charles Dickens wrote this story in the Victorian times. Hence we seem to think what ‘does heRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pagesmuch as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narrator feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakes and regrets of his life, and Pip experiences

Analysis Of Dirk Van Der Elst s Book Culture - 1213 Words

Dirk van der Elst’s book Culture as Given, Culture as Choice greatly compares the difference between human animals and wild animals. I found it interesting that the author focused on the difference between sex and childbirth in humans and animals. Elst thinks that teenagers are programed to believe that they need improvements, he also believes that women are handicapped by having children, and that teenage mothers raise children to break the law. I think that Dirk means well, but feel the book does not have enough facts to prove his points. Most of his accusations are very sexist towards women, however, I do admire his honest opinions. In chapter 5 Working the Reproductive Drives Dirk writes, â€Å"American teenage girls- a category of human beings that probably least needs to gild the lily- have been culturally programmed (by advertisers) to believe they are inadequate â€Å"as is.†Ã¢â‚¬  When I read this I was unsure what â€Å"gild the lily† meant and when I looked it up I found that it means to try and improve what is already beautiful. I think this is the only truly positive thing that Dirk says towards women in the whole book. However I do agree with the fact that from a young age girls are made to feel that they are not good enough. Girls do get this perspective from magazines and other advertisements where women are made to look sexy. The Author says that humans are the only animals where it is the female’s job to dress or present themselves to get the opposite genders attention. In

Interactive Marketing TOWS Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Interactive Marketing for TOWS Analysis. Answer: Introduction This study has aimed to understand the concept of interactive marketing. In this respect, this study has tried to develop a TOWS analysis of innovative digital service of Too Good To Go. Too Good To Go is the popular online food delivery site. This study has tried to take innovations in the market of Singapore. As a result, it can be assumed that the opportunities, which can be experienced by the consumers in the future by using this digital service has been mentioned in this study. In addition, the three cycle marketspace matrix is helpful to identify the pricing strategy and marketing strategy in order to introduce innovative service of Too Good to Go in Singapore. TOWS Analysis In this section, it can be mentioned that the Too Good To Go service providers can initiate the service not to waste foods, which could not be eaten completely by the consumers. In this context, they tried to aware the customers and the restaurant managers that the surplus foods could be collected for the breakfast, lunch or for dinner service. Therefore, the following TOWS analysis is helpful to identify the key performance indicators of the innovative digital service of Too Good To Go. Opportunities Threats Strengths It can be identified that Too good to go helps to the users to order foods through online and the additional foods they tried to collect for further use. According to Im, Montoya Workman (2013), it can be mentioned that there is no shipping cost. As per the statement of Evanschitzky et al ., (2012), although Too good to go service enhances the concept of online ordered food. Although some of the customers do not have faith regarding this innovative service and the business may fail. Weakness In this section, it can be mentioned that the opportunities of the Too Good to Go digital service can minimise the weakness. As it can be stated that the too good to go can reduce the cost of delivery of the foods. The consumers can ordered their foods from the favourite restaurants through Too Good To Go site. In the words of Lin Tan Geng (2013), it can suggest that in order to reduce the cost of service of Too Good To Go, the government of Singapore allows the consumers to place order without charging the internet cost. From the above table it can be observed that in case of strength and opportunities, the consumers able to avail the service of Too Good To Go in terms of lower rate. In addition, the service takers can easily place the order. In addition, the innovation can effectively reflect the service takers and they can make online shopping at the same time. This will effectively enhance the innovative service of the Too Good To Go and the consumers are willing to avail this updated service. On the other hand, in case of strength and threats section, it can be seen that the users require to have internet connection. In addition, the readers also need to have electronic gadgets or laptop or mobile phone. Furthermore, the government needs to focus to minimise the cost of internet. Cycle Marketspace Matrix In this context, it can be stated that in case of launching of new product such as innovative service of mail online in the market of Singapore, the 3 cycle marketspace matrix is helpful to create the blue ocean opportunity of the innovative service. Relationship stages Categories of levers KPIs Awareness Exploration Commitment Dissolution Product (ebook service) Consumers are willing to take the innovative service of digital service of Too Good To Go, which will be going to launch in the Singapore market. Based on the service innovation, it can be predicted that the innovative product will be successfully explored in the market. As per the statement of Miller (2012), the organisers of Too Good To Go service tried to keep their commitment in order to acquire the greater market share. In this context, it can be mentioned that as the new and innovative service of Too Good To Go will offer to the users some additional extra features. Price It can be predicted that with the launching of new innovative service, the price of the new service will be higher compared to the previous service. Although, the price of the service will be higher, the users will like to take the service in order be updated with the technology. As per the commitment, the price of the new technology will not be too high, that the customers will not be able to purchase. The price of the product will be different from the previous. Communication Greater communication can enhance the sale of the services. With the proper communication, it can anticipate that the service of the product will be explored. In this purpose, the commitment regarding the innovative service of the product will be maintained. It will be more beneficial to communicate with the customers to mitigate their concern regarding the product. Community Advertisement and marketing to the community will enhance the sales of the product. The service will be highly explored in the market. As per the commitment, the product innovations will allow the users to get different services at the same time such as online food order and reduce the waste of foods. Reduce the concern of the community regarding this new service. Distribution After analysing the market scenario, the organisation will try to enhance the distribution process. This service will try to explore their business in the global market. With the increase the distribution, it can be predicted that the blue ocean opportunity will be acquired for the business. As per the prediction, after fulfil the commitment, it can be stated that the sale of the service will be increased. Ryan (2014) mentioned that there will arise the dissimilarity between the prediction and the actual sales of innovative service of Too Good To Go. In case of launching of new service, the awareness can be discussed that with the rise in time, the people are looking for the service of Too Good To Go (Royle Laing, 2014). Moreover, it has been mentioned that the new service allows the readers to surf internet, making online shopping along with the placing of inline foods. Therefore, the consumers concern about the innovative service. On the other hand, in case of dissolution regarding the product it can be stated that there is dissimilarity between the previous product and the new launching product. Summary After analysis the 3 cycle marketspace matrix, it can be observed that after launching of new service of Too Good To Go, the price of the product will be higher (Slater, Mohr Sengupta, 2014). On the other hand, in this connection it can be mentioned that in order to update with the new technology, the users will also willing to take the service. As a result, from the above analysis it can be seen that to explore the market in Singapore, the company enhance the distribution. This will effectively increase the sale of the service and the country will be technologically updated (Taken Smith, 2012). Conclusion This study is helpful to identify market exploration after launching of new service such as too good to go. In this purpose, the TOWS analysis is helpful to identify the features of this service. After that 3 cycle marketspace Matrix tried to establish the blue ocean opportunity of the business. References Evanschitzky, H., Eisend, M., Calantone, R. J., Jiang, Y. (2012). Success factors of product innovation: An updated metaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ analysis.Journal of Product Innovation Management,29(S1), 21-37. Im, S., Montoya, M. M., Workman, J. P. (2013). Antecedents and consequences of creativity in product innovation teams.Journal of Product Innovation Management,30(1), 170-185. Lin, R. J., Tan, K. H., Geng, Y. (2013). Market demand, green product innovation, and firm performance: evidence from Vietnam motorcycle industry.Journal of Cleaner Production,40, 101-107. Miller, M. (2012).B2B digital marketing: Using the web to market directly to businesses. Que Publishing. Royle, J., Laing, A. (2014). The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Model for the communication industries.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), 65-73. Ryan, D. (2014).Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers. Slater, S. F., Mohr, J. J., Sengupta, S. (2014). Radical product innovation capability: Literature review, synthesis, and illustrative research propositions.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(3), 552-566. Taken Smith, K. (2012). Longitudinal study of digital marketing strategies targeting Millennials.Journal of Consumer Marketing,29(2), 86-92.

Safaricoms Mobile Banking

Analyzing Summarizing the Innovation Environment  Safaricom’s Mobile Banking Introduction In 2005, Safaricom, a mobile phone company based in Kenya launched M-PESA, a mobile money transfer technique. This innovation was however a brain child of Vodafone, which is Safaricom’s subsidiary company based in the United Kingdom.Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on Safaricom’s Mobile Banking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With funding from UK based Department of International Development (DFID), Safaricom, which is Kenya’s leading mobile service provider agreed to roll out the M-PESA on a trial basis in the East African country. The pilot program which commenced in October 2005 saw one mainstream bank and a microfinance institution partner with the mobile service provider for purposes of providing it with the banking infrastructure needed during the pilot period. Kenya as a market Kenya is a n African country located on the east side of the continent. The country is astride the equator and borders Tanzania on the South, Uganda and Ethiopia on the North and Somalia on the North East border. To the Southeast lies the Indian Ocean. 2007 estimates indicate that Kenya has a population of approximately 37 million people with annual growth rate estimated at 2.8 percent (Fan, 2009). Although fairly late adopters in mobile telephony, People in Kenya have caught up pretty fast. In 1999, two mobile operators, Safaricom and Celtel ventured into the Kenyan market. By the end of 1999, only 17,000 Kenyans had subscribed to mobile telephony. By December 2007 however, 11.3 million Kenyans had subscribed to mobile telephony. Meanwhile however, other mobile telephone companies had entered the market. Fortunately for Safaricom, it remains the largest mobile service provider gauged by the subscriber base. According to Omwansa (2009), the company has 80 percent share of the entire market siz e. When Safaricom launched M-PESA, it commissioned agents in different parts of the country; the agent’s work was primarily to receive deposits from customers and electronically transfer this to the client’s M-PESA account. This electronic money transfer would then be registered as a cash float on the clients phone account. The agents also allowed clients to withdraw money from their accounts by simply entering the amount they wanted to withdraw on the cell phones M-PESA menu, followed by the agent number. In a country where commercial banks are few and wide apart, this financial innovation was embraced by both the banked and the unbanked population largely due to the convenience and the ease of transaction.Advertising Looking for thesis on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Safaricom however maintained that the M-PESA account was not a bank account mainly because people could neither earn inter est on money deposited nor take up loans as is the case with ordinary banking accounts. How M-PESA works Once a person opens an M-PESA account through an authorized agent, Safaricom registers this as an electronic account that one can use to receive, send or withdraw money. Any money deposited in the account is managed by Safaricom, which pools the amount in a mainstream bank in the country. By pooling the money in the commercial bank, Mas Morawczynski (2009) notes that the amount is backed as liquid deposits in the commercial bank. The agents spread through out the country allow people an easy access to money as compared to the limited number of automated teller machines or banks. Mino (2009) notes that ever since its launch, M-PESA has eased the domestic money transfer as previously people would use couriers, money orders or bank transfers to send money, which would be time consuming and often inconveniencing considering that most financial services are located in towns while qui te a significant number of recipients lived in rural areas. Figure 1: M-PESA screen shot Source: Hughes Lonie (2009) Stage of industry evolution – life cycle The industrial life cycle model indicates that a business or an innovation like M-PESA would have four stages of growth (Shaun, 2009). They are: Start-up; growth; maturity; and decline.Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on Safaricom’s Mobile Banking specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gauging by the events and the time-line that has passed between the trial phase and now, it is easy to place M-PESA on the growth cycle. It is obvious that the start-up period for the money transfer service was between 2005 and 2007, when M-PESA was operating as a pilot project. At this stage, it only attracted early adopters and it registered approximately 1700 users and recruited about 250 agents across the country. After the successful pilot program, M-PESA was fo rmally launched as a mobile money transfer method in Kenya. This not only increased the consumer base and the agent numbers, but the second-mobile service provider in the country Celtel launched a similar service dubbed Sokotele to compete against Safaricom’s M-PESA. Unlike Safaricom however, Celtel lacked the infrastructure that Safaricom had laid during the two year pilot program thus meaning that Safaricom still had an advantage over its competitor. The fact that money transfer could only be done between people within the same network, who had to be registered with M-PESA, gave Safaricom another advantage. At this point in its life cycle, the company was (and still is) able to capitalize on consumers who are catching up and hence the mobile telephone company still stands a good chance to consolidate as much market share as it can. In this study’s opinion, the M-PESA product is still in the growth phase mainly because the Kenyan market still has a wide untapped mobil e telephony potential. Still, Safaricom does not appear to face much competition from the other three mobile service providers especially since Sokotele (now Zap after a change of name) lacks the penetration that M-PESA has in Kenya’s rural areas. Still, M-PESA is still venturing to new markets and in 2008, Kenyans living in the United Kingdom could use their cell phones to send money to their relatives in Kenya. In May 2010, a local bank (Equity Bank) partnered with M-PESA to allow M-PESA account holders to open a savings account (M-KESHO account) with the bank. This would in turn allow M-PESA account holders to transfer money from their mobile phone accounts to the bank’s account without having to go visit the bank physically. In view of this, it is clear that Safaricom is still venturing into new frontiers and hence is still developing the M-PESA product. As such, M-PESA is yet to hit the â€Å"maturity and decline stages of the product development life cycle† as defined by Bradford et al. (2000). Strategic planning in Safaricom Bradford et al. (2000) states that strategic planning â€Å"allows a firm to define its objectives, assess its internal and external environment, formulate a strategy that fits and implement the same† (p. 121). Further, a strategic plan has provisions where the firm is able to evaluate its progress and make the needful adjustments. Accordingly, a strategic planning process has five processes namely: Mission and objectives; environmental scanning; strategy formulation; strategy implementation; and evaluation and Control.Advertising Looking for thesis on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Internal Analysis Of special interest to this study is Safaricom’s environmental scan since it defines the company’s operating environment, which is of special significance to its success or failure in its business operations. To understand the internal environment, this paper will use a â€Å"Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats† (SWOT) analysis in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses facing the company. Bradford et al (2000), observes that a â€Å"SWOT analysis is essential in matching a company’s capabilities to the available resources, and the competitive environment it operates in† (p. 121). Safaricom’s SWOT Analysis Strengths According to Hughes Lonie (2009), the two representatives from Vodafone who lay the ground work and the partnership needed to roll off M-PESA, Safaricom had core competencies which made rolling M-PESA on its network less challenging The company had the systems and connectivity capabilities needed to roll the money transfer product. This meant that whatever commercial product that was developed by the innovators had to fit within the existing systems and network capabilities. The company had an already existing network of dealer outlet. Having worked with Safaricom previously, most dealers had no problem becoming M-PESA agents once they were convinced the project was economically viable. Safaricom was not the developer of M-PESA and hence the burden of innovation and implementation lay squarely on the shoulders of Vodafone. However, as Hughes Lonie (2009) notes, Vodafone is too big a company to be interested in a small market like Kenya. This means that the benefits of a successful money transfer service would be passed to the Kenyan people as well as the partnering mobile-service provider. Weaknesses Bradford et al. (2000) holds the opinion that the absence of specific strengths in business is perceived as weakness. Fortunately for Safaricom, and in this studyâ€⠄¢s observations, the weaknesses are not as many as to deter the innovative product from existence. One of the outstanding weaknesses in Safaricom is that its 80 percent market share presents both fortunes and bad-tidings at times. The former happens when the communication lines are jammed by too many calls thus jamming the communication networks. While this was initially a problem encountered in the voice and SMS products only, M-PESA also encounters such problems from time to time. Luckily, the problem never lasts for long although it inconveniences quite a number of clients whenever the problem occurs. Opportunities With Mobile money transfers gaining popularity by the day, opportunities for Safaricom abounds not only in the Kenyan Market, but also in the extensive east African Market. Omwansa (2009) observes that M-PESA has already been launched in neighboring Tanzania, and the prospects of partnering with local banks to extend the service to mainstream banks have already cau ght up. As of June 2010, three commercial banks in Kenya had already signed up with Safaricom to allow money transfers from the M-PESA accounts to their banks accounts. The banks were identified as Equity Bank Kenya Limited, Kenya Commercial Bank and Family Bank of Kenya. Loose regulations by the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) have also afforded M-PESA room for growth unmatched by any other institution in the financial sector. Omwansa (2009) reports that CBK has maintained that M-PESA is not a banking account and hence cannot be regulated as commercial banks. Since it is a fairly new product that has benefited a lot of the Kenyan populace, Omwansa (2009) also observes that the regulatory agencies seems to have an â€Å"unwritten† agreement to let M-PESA be. This is largely thought to be spurred by fears that regulating it may stifle its growth. Threats Although Safaricom is the dominant mobile service provider in the Kenyan market today, one cannot rule out the possibility of more intense competition from other players in future. Omwansa (2009) for example observes that more mobile service providers are investing in the Kenyan market offering competitive rates compared to the rates offered by Safaricom for its voice and SMS products and this could change the market dynamics in the future. Industry Analysis Bradford et al (2000) holds the opinion that a company should evaluate the industry environment before venturing into the same. This allows the company to know what to expect, the barriers it is likely to face, substitute products available in the target market and the intensity and kind of industry rivalry to expect. One of the ideal ways of gauging all these is the Porter’s five forces framework, which this study uses to evaluate M-PESA’s operating environment. Rivalry According to Porter (1998), competition among rival firms has the ability to reduce profits that the firms get from their respective market shares. In Safaricomâ€℠¢s case however, the main competitor in the market was Celtel, which had no product to compete with M-PESA. This presented an advantage to Safaricom, which would have ample time to lay its mobile money transfer at its own pace without fears that the main competitor would out do it. As noted by Omwansa (2009), Celtel only tried out the mobile money transfer after Safaricom had tried it and succeeded. The lack of penetration of Celtel’s part meant that Safaricom remained and still remains the largest provide of mobile money transfer services in Kenya. As such, the would be rivalry failed to be because Celtel’s initiative did not succeed as one would expect especially in a market where it has already been proven that most people transacting on the mobile phone platform do not own bank accounts. According to Porter (1998), rivalries between firms operating in the same environment intensify for a number of reasons. They include: many firms in the same market; a slow growing market; high-fixed costs; uncompetitive storage costs; low or inexistent switching costs; low brand identification; high barrier to exit the market; diversity of rival firms; industry shakeout leading to overcrowding. Analyzing the competitive environment which Safaricom and its product M-PESA operates in, one realizes that none of the factors mentioned above are true in the Kenyan Mobile telephony market and least of all the mobile money transfer sector. This therefore means that Safaricom can only anticipate for probable rivalry in future, but is free to dominate the market presently, just as was the case when M-PESA was launched. Threats of substitutes According to Porter’s view, the threat of substitutes occur when better performing products or services are available in the market. Cheaper products or services also affect the consumer choices. Analyzing M-PESA and its core competitor Zap (changed name from Sokotele when Celtel was acquired by Zain); the latter has fair ly lower transaction costs when compared to the former. As indicated in the diagrams graphics below, Zap is much fairer in its pricing than M-PESA. While this would have given Zap a price-based advantage over M-PESA, the statistics on the ground suggests otherwise. Although acquiring statistics on Zap usage was not successful, this study easily obtained statistics from M-PESA, which indicates that the customer base for the service was at more than 2 million people in the 2007/2008 financial year, with 2,329 agents through out the country. In the 2008/2009 financial year, both the customer and agent numbers had increased with records indicating that there were over 6 million M-PESA customers and 8, 650 agents. By November 2009, the number had yet again gone up to 5 million customers and 14, 764 agents (Safaricom, 2009). Figure 2: M_PESA tariffs Source: http://www.safaricom.co.ke/index.php?id=747 Figure 3: ZAP tariffs Source: http://www.ke.zain.com/opco/af/core/home/channel.do;jse ssionid=4CF576366FC37A870DEB57F35D7EFB02.node0?channelId=-11711selectedChannels=-11704,-11711#lang=en Although this study would like to believe that Zap poses a real threat of substitute to M-PESA, it is apparent that the former would have to strengthen its subscriber base as well as its ZAP network across the Kenyan market in order to pose a real substitution threat to M-PESA. Buyer Power In Porter’s, buyer power is considered a major consideration that a firm must make when analyzing the industry environment in which they seek to operate. Buyer power refers to the impact that consumers of product and services have on the industry. Most consumers would rather have a situation where they have satisfactory products and services at low prices. However, this is only possible in a competitive environment where the there are few buyers in a rather large market share; the products are standardized; or where buyers can attain backward integration which would in turn threaten marke t players. In M-PESA’s case, the buyer power does not seem to be such an applicable concept because Omwansa (2009) reports that the mobile money transfer services has been received and adopted by the banked as well as the unbanked population in equal measure. More to this, there seems to be a wide acceptance among the M-PESA clients of not only the appropriateness of the services in a country where banks are mainly located in town centers, but also the speed of transfer is something that is much appreciated by the Kenyan market. Upon making a deposit to one’s account through an M-PESA agent, there is an instant notification through an SMS of the money transfer. One can then choose to use the money deposited in their account to pay bills, transfer money to someone else’s account or electronically buy airtime for use of one’s phone (Safaricom, 2010). Barriers/ threat to entry According to Porter (1998), barrier or threats to a company entering a specific market can arise from different source. Key among them is barriers created by the government. Luckily for M-PESA, the Kenyan government was more than willing to create a facilitating environment. According to Omwansa (2009), this readiness by the Kenyan government can be explained that Kenya is a developing country that understands that innovation holds great potential that could aid in the country’s development. More to this, Kenya is among the African markets that are fast catching up on technology and the developments so far have only brought better prospects for the government and the population. Patents are also identified by Porter (1998) as other barriers restricting firms’ entry into a market. Fortunately for Safaricom, though the initial innovation was Vodafone’s, the latter had no patenting issues and had in fact come up with the mobile money transfer idea through the encouragement of DFID in order to take innovative banking solutions to developing cou ntries in Africa and other parts of the world (Hughes Lonie, 2009). This gave Safaricom a free reign and could in turn patent this innovation hence Celtel’s adoption of the same two years after the M-PESA pilot program kicked off. Supplier power According to Porters, a firm operating within the producing industry is more prone to influences exerted on it by the suppliers. Such influence can lead to higher costs in raw materials. Being a service oriented product, M-PESA does not suffer from any pressures that could arise from the suppliers. The only contact between the service provider and the customer is the agent, and so far as Omwansa (2009) observes, the relationship between the agents and Safaricom have not suffered any major hiccups. Leadership Safaricom seems to have taken its position as the mobile telephone service provider in a fairly good manner. Gerson Lehrman Group (2010) notes that even taxi drivers know the Safaricom chief executive by name thus suggesting th at the company has maintained a close relationship with its clients. Kenya being a fairly small market, this does not seem like such a hard task to achieve. Omwansa (2009) also notes that the company has managed to engage the media very well and as a result, it has not only kept a constant image in the eyes of the public, but has also made sure that every new development in the company is reported to the public promptly. By releasing its annual performance statistics Safaricom has endeared itself to the public not only because of its profit making, but also because it has incorporated innovation in its customer service. M-PESA is one such innovation that has indeed improved the company’s share as a market leader as Ombok (2010) notes; â€Å"The growth in M-PESA and data markets are the main growth drivers for Safaricom, and will still remain so going forward† (p. 1) Controls According to Omwansa (2009), M-PESA regulation is something the Kenyan regulators do not seem v ery eager to do at the moment. However, noting the expansion of M-PESA into different sectors and the links developed between the product and the financial institutions in Kenya, regulation seems like a necessary step. Apart from regulatory controls however, the money transfer system has instilled control measures that not only ensure the security of money transfer, but also ensure that users stand nothing to loose when using M-PESA. The person identification number (PIN) that one is required to have before carrying out any transaction on the M-PESA platform is one such control. Safaricom encourages the services users not to share the M-PESA pin numbers with anyone because it is the only thing that guarantees security for their money. Omwansa (2009) also notes that there have been incidences where a person transfers money to a wrong account. When this happens, Safaricom encourages people to call the M-PESA customer care services with the details of the recipient account. The custome r service representatives are then able to reverse the money to the sender’s account. However, the money can only be reversed if the recipient had not withdrawn the money already. Strategies and Tactics Delving into the strategies adopted by most Kenyan firms is not an easy task especially because such strategies are guarded as business secrets. In Safaricom’s case however, Fan (2009) observes that the company is not only intent at delivering services to the locals, but is also focused in adding the value that consumers receive from its products, while fortifying its brand at the same time. Quoting Safaricom’s CEO Michael Joseph, Fan (2009) observes that the mobile service provider has made use of the opportunity granted to interact and accompany its clients through the mobile phones. Among the principles that Safaricom seems to have adopted not only for M-PESA but for other product lines is â€Å"think globally, act locally† concept. Like elsewhere in th e world, Safaricom understands that its Kenyan clientele needs a combination of good, efficient services at low prices, which it has worked hard to achieve. The organization has also been consistent in not only its performance but also in strengthening its brand name. Fan (2009) notes that currently, the main Safaricom’s competitor –Zain, has changed its name thrice since its inception in the Kenyan Market. Initially, it was Kencell, then Celtel and now Zain. While this change of name had no significant effect on service provisions, a cautious market like Kenya had its doubts about the sustainability of a brand that keeps changing its name. Safaricom on the other hand seems to have adopted a naming strategy that resonates with Kenyans thus giving them a sense of pride in the product. Quoting CEO Joseph once again, Fan (2009) observes that Safari is a Swahili name Journey. The PESA on M-PESA is also a Swahili derivative meaning money. As such, the firm is working hard t o assure Kenyans that the firm belongs to them, a factor that has been translated to reality by enlisting the firm in the Kenyan Stock Exchange, where locals can buy shares into the company. Financials Although statistics are not quite clear about M-PESA’s contribution to Safaricom’s profit, the money transfer service is among the key growth drivers as noted elsewhere in this study. The firms CEO was quoted by Fan (2009) stating that the firm had hit the 4.5 million customer mark in 2009 and 7,000 agents through out the country. Statistics provided in 2009 indicated that peer-to-peer transactions conducted on the M-PESA platform on a daily basis were around Ksh. 160,000 ($2,133). This not withstanding, the amount of profits generated for Safaricom is quite significant considering that the lowest charge for each transaction is Ksh. 20 ($ 0.26). Above the fixed amount that attracts this rate, customers are charged 3.6 percent of the entire amount they are sending or rece iving. Recommendations Conclusion Mino (2009) notes that the fact that Vodafone initially developed M-PESA as a peer-to-peer mobile money transfer method has put several limitations to the innovation. For starters, the amount of money that one can deposit in their account or transfer to another person’s account is limited at 35,000Kenyan shillings (approximately $500). This therefore means that merchants who would like to use the service to conduct payments for an amount exceeding the stated limit cannot do so. Notably, Safaricom does not hold or manage M-PESA operations rights since the M-PESA software is legally a possession of Vodafone. According to Mino (2009), this means that Safaricom, which is on the ground in Kenya, cannot create or distribute supplementary tools which would enable the M-PESA system to consider the interactions needed by merchants in order to conduct their business transactions without any limitations. Since Kenya is a vibrant developing market, it i s only a matter of time that another person notices the opportunity that exists through the needs presented by the merchants. This is especially considering that the deposit limit is too low to many Kenyan businessmen. As such, Safaricom should seize the moment before anyone else does it and expand their deposit limits. This will not only allow merchants to hold huge amounts of money in their M-PESA accounts before transferring it elsewhere, but will also allows Kenyans to carry huger transactions on the M-PESA platform conveniently. There is also the unending challenge of agents not having enough liquid cash to meet the withdrawal requirements presented to them by M-PESA customers. Safaricom in conjunction with the agents need to find a lasting solution to this problem if indeed the mobile money transfer is to offer wholesome solutions to the financial challenges facing Kenyans. Overall however, M-PESA has been an innovation that has not only received recognition at home, but also elsewhere in the world. In 2007 and 2008, the innovation won the Kenya Banking awards, while in 2008, it won the GSMA best broadcast commercial, Stockholm Exchange (economic development category) and also won the GSMA best-mobile money service award in 2009. This however is not to mean that M-PESA is not facing challenges. The good thing however is that the leadership in Safaricom is willing to handle the various challenges through technology and innovation so as to beat the odds and make the product a lasting service in the Kenyan Market and elsewhere in the African continent. References Bradford, R., Duncan, J. Tarcy, B. (2000). Simplified strategic planning: a no-nonsense guide for busy people who want results fast! Worcester, MA. : Chandler House Fan, J. (2009). Voice from Operators—Safaricom taking Kenyans on a pleasant Safari. Win 2. Retrieved from http://www.huawei.com/publications/view.do?id=5914cid=10948pid=10664 Gerson Lehrman Group. (2010). MPESA challenges incumb ents: the new payments rail in emerging markets. Retrieved from http://www.glgroup.com/News/mPesa-Challenges-Incumbents–The-New-Payments-Rail-in-Emerging-Markets-48515.html Hughes, N. Lonie, S. (2007). M-PESA: Mobile money for the â€Å"Unbanked†: Turning Cell phones into 24-hour Tellers in Kenya. Innovations. Winter Spring, pp. 63-81. Mas, I. Morawczynski, O. (2009). Designing Mobile money services: Lessons from M-PESA. Innovations 4(2), 77-91. Mino, T. (2009). Will the real banks please stand up? Business Daily. Retrieved from http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Opinion%20%20Analysis/-/539548/621718/-/view/printVersion/-/xmkpkxz/-/index.html Ombok, E. (2010). Safaricom of Kenya’s profit to rise 21% RenCap says (update 1). Bloomberg Business week. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-05-25/safaricom-of-kenya-s-profit-to-rise-21-rencap-says-update1-.html Omwansa, T. (2009). M-PESA: Progress and Prospects. Innovations/ mobile world Congress 107- 122 Porter, M. E. (1998). Competitive Strategy: techniques for analyzing Industries and Competitors. Lafayette Detroit, MI: Free Press. Safaricom. (2009). Key performance statistics. Retrieved from http://www.safaricom.co.ke/fileadmin/template/main/images/MiscUploads/M-PESA%20Statistics.pdf This thesis on Safaricom’s Mobile Banking was written and submitted by user Deborah Vega to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.